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Linux kernel Bluetooth ISO: Use-after-free via concurrent connect calls

CVE-2026-99012High 7.8

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Summary

A race condition in the Bluetooth ISO socket connect path of the Linux kernel allows concurrent connect calls to change the socket destination and connection state. This can lead to a use-after-free of a socket, which may crash the system or lead to privilege escalation for a local user with low privileges. The attack requires local access and a Bluetooth stack that is built and in use, such as Bluetooth LE Audio.

Affected

  • Linux kernel from commit ccf74f2390d6 up to the fix commits (per CNA record)
  • Stable series in the affected range: 6.0 up to but excluding the fixed releases listed below
  • Vendor-specific fixed versions for every stable branch: Unknown.

Fixed in

  • Fix commits: 1adcfe232c0f, 3728f6b0d599, 9b6ed57eb8c8, a33de6942268, c6489a3a0ac8, e32d80293a0e
  • Fixed stable releases per OSV: 6.1.191, 6.6.160, 6.12.113, 6.18.57, 7.2.11
  • Distribution kernel fix status: Unknown.

Workaround

  • No vendor-documented workaround known.
  • Where Bluetooth is not required, unloading or blacklisting the Bluetooth modules (for example btusb) removes the attack surface. This is general practice and not from a vendor source.

Exploitation

  • Not known to be exploited.
  • No public proof of concept found.
  • CISA KEV: not listed.

Our recommendation

  • Install the kernel update from your distribution or a stable kernel containing the fix commits once available, through the normal update cycle.
  • Check whether the Bluetooth stack (CONFIG_BT, lsmod) is loaded on your systems.
  • Prioritise managed laptops and workstations with Bluetooth use; servers and firewalls are usually lower priority.
  • Verify fix status with your distribution's security advisory.

Public exploits

PoC-in-GitHub, Metasploit and Exploit-DB list nothing for this CVE.

Research sources

Researched and written up in English and German by an AI (Claude by Anthropic) based on NVD, CISA, EPSS and the sources listed. The vendor information is authoritative. Researched on 1 Nov 2026, 22:31.

Original description (NVD)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: ISO: Serialize concurrent connect calls iso_sock_connect() checks the socket state before taking the socket lock and drops the lock again before setting up a connection. Two callers can both pass the admission check while the socket is open or bound. Caller A can copy its destination for route selection, then caller B can replace the socket destination before A binds or connects the CIS. A then uses B's destination with the route selected for its own request. B can also proceed after A attaches a connection and sets BT_CONNECT. For deferred BIS setup, B can bind a second BIS and overwrite iso_pi(sk)->conn, leaving the first connection's reference and conn->sk back-pointer stranded. Concurrent CIS connects can likewise replace the socket's connection. Later teardown only detaches the current connection, so a callback on the old connection can race with socket release and access a freed socket. KASAN reported: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in iso_sock_hold+0xf7/0x1b0 Call Trace: iso_sock_hold+0xf7/0x1b0 iso_conn_del+0x7b/0x1d0 iso_connect_cfm+0x186/0x16a0 hci_conn_failed+0x154/0x280 hci_abort_conn_sync+0x3dc/0x7d0 hci_cmd_sync_work+0x173/0x300 Allocated by task 121: sk_alloc+0x2b/0x6d0 bt_sock_alloc+0x29/0x370 iso_sock_alloc.constprop.0+0x19/0x300 iso_sock_create+0x94/0x100 Freed by task 121: kfree+0x121/0x3c0 __sk_destruct+0x42b/0x540 iso_sock_release+0x29d/0x340 __sock_release+0xa1/0x260 Check admission under the socket lock and mark the connect operation in progress before publishing its destination. Keep that flag set across route lookup and connection setup, rejecting another connect with -EBADFD before it can change the destination or attach a connection. Clear the flag after either helper returns, including on failure, so a failed setup can be retried. A separate flag is needed because the socket lock must be released before acquiring the HCI device lock, while BT_CONNECT requires an attached connection. Keep the existing state transitions and the deferred CIS completion through iso_sock_recvmsg(). Reject an existing socket attachment in __iso_chan_add() before taking a new reference or publishing either pointer, so every caller preserves the connection association. Keep the same-socket, same-connection success case for deferred CIS setup. Reject an attached socket before BIS setup so a reusable BIS is not claimed before the attachment is rejected. In CIS setup, reject a different HCI connection before iso_conn_add() and drop the per-attempt HCI hold directly. An unowned iso_conn may still carry another reference after detachment, so its destruction cannot be relied on to release that hold. iso_listen_bis() creates a fresh PA HCI/ISO pair under the device lock, so the temporary iso_conn_put() frees the ISO candidate and drops its HCI hold on rejection. iso_conn_ready() uses a freshly allocated, unpublished child with no connection, making the socket-side rejection unreachable.

NVD references (6)

Sources

The tracker combines official, freely usable data sources – updated continuously:

This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS data © FIRST.org.

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