Kiloview E3 NDI Encoder Firmware: Hard-coded JWT signing secret allows token forgery
Summary
The web management authentication of Kiloview E3 NDI encoder firmware signs session JSON Web Tokens with an HMAC-SHA256 secret that is hardcoded in the firmware and identical on all devices. An attacker who downloads the publicly distributed firmware can recover this secret and forge tokens, including administrative ones, without valid credentials. Successful exploitation enables unauthenticated access to privileged device functions. The CISA advisory ICSA-26-295-01 states that exploitation could allow full compromise of the device.
Affected
- Kiloview E3 NDI Encoder firmware below V1.30 (CISA: "<1.30"; VulDB: "up to 1.29")
Fixed in
- Firmware V1.30 (vendor-recommended update; Kiloview download page)
- Unknown: whether V1.30 replaces the static signing secret with a per-device secret.
- Unknown: whether tokens issued before the update are invalidated.
Workaround
- No workaround replaces the firmware update. The advisory names none.
- Restrict network and ONVIF exposure until the device is updated (secondary source, not vendor).
- Keep the encoder off the internet (secondary source).
- Review the device user list for unknown accounts (general advice, not from Kiloview or CISA).
Exploitation
- Actively exploited: none confirmed according to one news write-up. CISA KEV status unclear in the sources; verify against the KEV catalog.
- Public proof of concept: none found in the research.
- Attack requires only network access and the publicly available firmware (CVSS 4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N).
Our recommendation
- Update all Kiloview E3 units to firmware V1.30 or later.
- Do not assume the update changes the signing secret until Kiloview confirms this.
- Inventory all E3 units and remove direct internet exposure; isolate them from guest and IoT networks.
- Restrict ONVIF and web management access to trusted administrators and monitor for unexpected administrative logins.
- Note that this flaw can help chain with other advisory CVEs (e.g. CVE-2026-110243), so treat the device as high priority.
Public exploits
PoC-in-GitHub, Metasploit and Exploit-DB list nothing for this CVE.
Research sources
- CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-26-295-01 www.cisa.gov
- CSAF file ICSA-26-295-01 (GitHub) github.com
- Kiloview E3 firmware download www.kiloview.com
- VulDB CVE-2026-92450 entry vuldb.com
- Security Online: Kiloview E3 vulnerabilities securityonline.info
Researched and written up in English and German by an AI (Claude by Anthropic) based on NVD, CISA, EPSS and the sources listed. The vendor information is authoritative. Researched on 1 Nov 2026, 00:34.
Original description (NVD)
The authentication framework used by affected Kiloview E3 NDI encoder firmware signs session JSON Web Tokens using an HMAC-SHA256 secret hardcoded as a static string within the firmware image, identical across all deployed devices. An attacker with access to the publicly distributed firmware can recover this secret and forge arbitrary session tokens, including administrative tokens, without valid credentials, enabling unauthenticated access to privileged device functions.
Sources
The tracker combines official, freely usable data sources – updated continuously:
- NVD (NIST) – CVEs, rating (CVSS), affected products
- CISA KEV – vulnerabilities confirmed by CISA as actively exploited
- CISA Vulnrichment – CISA assessment (SSVC) in the official CVE record
- FIRST EPSS – probability of exploitation
- Microsoft MSRC – Patch Tuesday: vulnerabilities, severity, updates
- PoC-in-GitHub – public proof-of-concept repositories
- Metasploit (Rapid7) – modules of the Metasploit Framework
- Exploit-DB (OffSec) – archive of public exploits (links only)
- Patch days: official vendor pages (linked per vendor) (Vendor patch days)
This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS data © FIRST.org.
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